The L-Shaped or Corner Kitchen Layout A Basic Guide

The L-shaped kitchen layout is a standard kitchen layout suitable for corners and open spaces. With great ergonomics, this layout makes kitchen work efficient and avoids traffic problems by providing plenty of counter space in two directions. The basic dimensions of an L-shaped kitchen can vary, depending on how the kitchen is divided. This will create multiple work zones, though for optimal use one length of the L-shape should be longer than 15 feet and the other no longer than eight. L-shaped kitchens can be constructed in any number of ways, but its important to consider the foot traffic expected, need for cabinets and counter space, the positioning of the sink in relation to walls and windows, and the lighting arrangements of the kitchen before building a corner unit into your home. Basic Design Elements of Corner Kitchens Every L-shaped kitchen contains the same basic design elements: a refrigerator, two counter tops perpendicular to one another, cabinets above and below, a stove, how they all are placed in relation to one another, and the overall aesthetic of the room. The two countertops should be built with the tops of the counters at the  optimal counter-top height, which should typically be 36 inches from the floor, however this standard of measurement is in relation to the average American height, so if youre taller or shorter than average, you should adjust the height of your countertop to match. Optimal cabinet heights should be used unless special considerations exist, with base cabinets at a minimum of 24-inches deep and possess an adequate toe kick  while upper cabinets should be used where additional storage space is needed with none placed above the sink. The placement of the refrigerator, stove, and sink should be taken into account before building starts, so be sure to design and develop your  kitchen work triangle in relation to the design of your overall kitchen and what youll be using it for most. The L-Shaped Kitchen Work Triangle Since the 1940s, American home makers have designed their kitchens to all be arranged with the work triangle (fridge, stove, sink) in mind, and now that gold standard has been perfected to dictate that within this triangle, there should be four to seven feet between fridge and sink, four to six between sink and stove, and four to nine between stove and fridge. In this, the refrigerators hinge should be placed on the outside corner of the triangle so it can be opened from the center of the triangle, and no object like a cabinet or table should be placed in the line of any leg of this work triangle. Further, no household foot traffic should flow through the work triangle during dinner preparation. For these reasons, one could also consider how open or wide the L-shape is. An open kitchen allows any through traffic corridors to skirt the kitchen work zone while a wide variation adds a kitchen island or table — which should be at least five feet from the counter-top. ​Lighting levels  from fixtures and windows will also play a major role in the placement of the kitchen work triangle, so keep these in mind as you draft a design for your perfect kitchen.

Jimi Hendrix - 3785 Words

Jimi Hendrix: Reflections of the Man Through the Development of His Albums James McGuire UWC 4, Hampton November 4, 1996 On November 27, 1942,Jimi Hendrix was born as John Allen Hendrix in Washington at Seattle General Hospital. His childhood was not a privileged one, however, he did indulge himself in one particular way: Jimi loved to play the guitar. At first he played an old acoustic, and later a cheap Silvertone electric, which were both strung for a lefty on a right-handed guitar, one of the defining Hendrix traits (Murray 34- 5) . As a teenager, young Jimi listened to the music which affected his music so greatly later: #8220;#8216;everyone from Buddy Holly to Muddy Waters and through Chuck Berry way back to Eddie†¦show more content†¦The structure and lyrics on most of the songs on Are You Experienced? form the basis upon which it is possible to measure the change in the style of Hendrix, both lyrically and musically, that were to occur until his untimely death in 197 0. The commercial success of the album and the confidence that Jimi must have gained from reviews which called him things like #8220;an absolute master#8221; allowed Jimi to make smooth transitions to whatever he felt like experimenting with or changing. The importance in Are You Experienced? lies in the fact that it was successful, and that the Jimi Hendrix that everyone heard on that album would be acceptable whether he was playing straight-forward blues, playing #8220;Stone Free#8221; or covering #8220;Hey Joe.#8221; Are You Experienced? represents the starting point from which Jimi Hendrix would take his new style of music and make himself into one of the most influential musical figures of his time. The true arrival of Jimi Hendrix occurred with the release of The Jimi Hendrix Experience#8217;s second studio effort, Axis: Bold As Love. With this album, production costs were estimated at ten thousand pounds, allowing Jimi the valuable studio time he needed in order to more compl etely master his craft. Approximately three thousand of those pounds were spent production costs of the album sleeve, which picture Jimi and his bandmates in and surrounded by Indian imagery, to which Jimi responded:Show MoreRelatedJimi Hendrix667 Words   |  3 PagesBest known for his ground breaking achievements in guitar techniques involving feedback manipulation, Jimi Hendrix was a legendary Rock n Roll musician, singer and song-writer. Jimi’s first instrument was a rubbished, single string ukulele with which he still played with inspiration from hearing Elvis Presley songs. With hard work and dedication, at age 15 to his then first guitar he joined a band, the ‘Velvetones’ and after upgrading to an electric better he was accused of flaunting which compromisedRead MoreJimi Hendrix Essay575 Words   |  3 PagesJimi Hendrix History has always been marked by great music. Every generation has its own unique genre; from classical to swing, people have always found a song or a melody that seemed as if it was written just for them. However, truly great music is created by a certain type of genius. It takes more than the average guy to forge a classic like Stairway to Heaven. Two men in the late twentieth century were such masterminds: Jimi Hendrix and Kurt Cobain. While both will live forever in musicalRead MoreEssay about Jimi Hendrix1489 Words   |  6 Pages This future guitar master went by the name of Jimi, Jimi Hendrix. His childhood was not very fortunate, however, he did indulge himself in one particular way: Jimi loved to play the guitar. Jimi could never afford to take lessons so he taught himself. At first he played an old acoustic guitar, and later a cheap Silvertone electric. Both of these guitars were both strung for a lefty on a right-handed guitar, one of the defining Hendrix traits. Jimi w ould have preferred to play a guitar that was madeRead MoreJimi Hendrix Essay1186 Words   |  5 PagesJimi Hendrix Jimi Hendrix is an American guitarist, singer, songwriter and producer who is widely considered to be the most important electric guitarist in the history of music. Although Hendrix is known for his outstanding ability to play the guitar, he is also a very famous name in Blues music. He played the acoustic guitar but is known for his outstanding ability to play the electric guitar. With songs such as Red House, Here My Train A Comin, and Born Under a Bad Sign, Hendrix is consideredRead More jimi hendrix Essay941 Words   |  4 Pages Riffs and Rhymes are only part of the amazing life of Johnny Allen Hendrix (AKA, James Marshall Hendrix.). I have found the key aspects in his life to make a complete connection of how his outside life affected his music and lyrics. The master guitarist lived a life of drugs as well as music. Did the LSD have a part in his musical harmonies and riffs? My research shows that ever little aspect of his life, including early childhood, drug use, and societ y had a great impact on his exquisite tasteRead More The Extraordinary Jimi Hendrix Essay2402 Words   |  10 Pagesextraordinary performances, recording, and lyrics of James Marshall Hendrix have made him impossible to forget. This American rock music guitarist made a legendary mark not only in the history of rock n roll but also on the pop culture as a whole (Ross 32). With unique techniques never seen before and blatant sex-related performances on stage, he became one of the most influential music figures of the 60s (Kamin). Hendrix was not born into stardom nor was it given to him by any means. He strivedRead MoreJimi Hendrix s Life And Accomplishments1593 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most influential figures in modern music to this day, Jimi Hendrix, was a complex and unusual man for his time. Being most well-known for his eccentric performances and style, both in fashion and in music, Jimi stood out in the western world s very uniform Rock’n’Roll scene. Playing with his teeth, burning his guitar, rising to fame in a matter of weeks all contributed to his remarkable life. Jimi Hendrix’s life and rise to fame were exceptionally unordinary and extraordinarily influentialRead MoreJimi Hendrix: Why He Desrves World Recognition711 Words   |  3 PagesJimi Hendrix is one of the greatest and influential guitarists in rock history. During his career, he revolutionized the sound of rock, and changed it greatly. Hendrix was a major influence in music and with his beliefs. Jimi Hendrix was a positive influence on the world, and his music and views continue to inspire many people. Jimi Hendrix was born in Seattle, Washington on November 27, 1942. Throughout his childhood, his family dealt with financial problems, and he was sometimes put in the careRead MoreJimi Hendrix Essay846 Words   |  4 Pages Did you know that Jimi Hendrix was 15 when he picked up a guitar and by the time he was 18 he was already one of the best in the music business? First off, Jimi Hendrix was the most passionate musician of the 1960’s generation. Additionally, Jimi Hendrix top ten songs made it into the Rock and Roll hall of Fame, later on in his career. Thus, Hendrix had become a musician that symbolized the year of the 1960’s. Finally, he had the most emotional connection to his written music that one of his mostRead MoreMusical Analysis - Jimi Hendrix1704 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The Wind Cries Mary was recorded by The Jimi Hendrix Experience in the United Kingdom. It appeared on their debut release Are You Experienced in 1967. Written by Jimi Hendrix, the song is based around an altercation between himself and his long time lover Kathy Mary Etchingham. The sixties was a defining decade for experimental music, fueled by the drugs musicians were taking at the time. Rock n Roll was a worldwide phenomenon and Jimi Hendrix became one of the main pioneers of the rock/psychedelic

Was female rule unacceptable in early modern Europe Free Essays

This narrative will be investigating the political and royal policies of early modern Europe and it’s reasoning behind preferring (and insisting) that only male royal blood lines should maintain the throne. I shall be researching how Queen Elizabeth 1st was able to take the throne as a single female, as well as (despite never being able to take the throne herself) the years that her sons ruled is now known as the ‘age of Catherine De Medici’. It will be necessary to look at religious opinions and political laws, as well as literary opinions from the 16th and early 17th century (in some cases earlier) across early modern Europe, England and Scotland, regarding women and their place in society and how that relates to women in positions of power Early modern Europe was segregated by extreme religious fault lines. We will write a custom essay sample on Was female rule unacceptable in early modern Europe? or any similar topic only for you Order Now With England, Scotland, Germany, The Netherlands and France fighting (both politically and literally) for superioty of their chosen religion, these were; Calvinism, Lutheranism, Roman Catholicism and Protestantism, with a small minority of Anglican followers also. The majority of Spain, Portugal and Italy remained virtually wholly Roman Catholic, which lead to many wars and disputes with bordering nations. The Royal policy of the time was to use marriage to cement literal boarders between neighbouring countries in an effort to create great nations, and also to make intangible connections that cemented power between nations creating beneficial alliances. Political and social opinion of women at the time was largely due to the writings of St. Paul in the New Testament regarding Adam and Eve, and how Eve carried out the first human sin, disobeyed God and tempted Adam with the apple. This therefore made Eve responsible for the fall of mankind, and left women being seen as the source of all evil and sin. Coupling this with Aristotle’s premise that a woman was an inferior version of the perfect male form, meant that the opinion of women was not something to be fought against, it was simply irrefutable fact. Because of this, religious political and social opinion of women in early modern Europe, women were only seen as valuable for their usefulness in connecting families through marriage or continuing family legacies through childbirth. Therefore families could effectively marry their daughters off like chattel. Women in early modern Europe were seen as feeble and weak minded, unable to be decision makers, and think for themselves. They (women) by religious opinion were created by God for man. Therefore giving man the right to rule them. As Martin Luther put so plainly; ‘Women are created for no other purpose than to serve men and be their helpers. If women grow weary or even die while bearing children, that doesn’t harm anything. Let them bear children to death; they are created for that. ‘ Even women in positions of power were aware that they were not comparable to men. As Queen Elizabeth recognised, ‘I know I have the body of a weak and feeble woman, but I have the heart and stomach of a King’1 Queen Elizabeth the first, was arguably one of the most famous female rulers in our history, yet her road to power was a difficult one. Elizabeth’s rule while she was alive, and even after her death, has been shadowed by questions regarding the legitamacy of her right to the throne. The Catholic populace never fully accepted her, as her father Henry VIII broke with the Catholic Church to divorce his first wife: Catherine of Aragon to marry Anne Boleyn (Elizabeth’s mother). However Henry VIII and Catherine (his first wife) had a daughter Mary, Henry VIII went on to have Elizabeth with his second wife and a son: Edward with Jane Seymour his 3rd wife, and despite Catholic beliefs regarding divorce, (which made Elizabeth illegitimate, but not Mary or Edward) the only surety was that Henry’s male heir was going to take the throne first. After Edward took the crown Mary was to follow closely succeeded by Elizabeth. The only other candidate that could possibly take a rightful place over Elizabeth was Mary Stuart, who was currently Queen of Scotland and Queen of France (by marriage), and with the ever looming threat of a two-pronged assault on England by the French and the Scottish, Elizabeth became the necessary and logical choice as the English people were at the time seen to be more ‘nationalistic than catholic’ (and an exceptional ruler she went on to be), managing to influence both Roman Catholic’s and Protestant’s into a compromise, which arguably stopped England from falling into a religious war, as was the case in France. But it also conveyed to her public that she was able to accept both faiths and allow them to coexist in the efforts of peace, a feat that had not been accomplished so logically or peacefully by her male predecessor’s. France was plagued by its own political difficulties and religious disputes, and having a female singularly ruling was intolerable to them, and with the medieval ‘Salic Law’ still in force (of which some of its policies are still in use today) the French were able to regulate who took to the throne and who maintained power. Salic law was clear, however; it decreed a purely French solution. (Elsewhere, in countries where Salic law did not apply – Scotland, England, Spain†¦ women undoubtedly had the right to succeed to the crown, although their rights in other areas were very limited. )2 As Queen Elizabeth found herself when trying to deal with her Generals and war strategists, many of whom ignored her input refusing to consider that she would have any useful insights into battle planning. Salic law was particularly relevant to Catherine De Medici, as it kept her from the throne after the death of her husband. Catherine then put her sons on throne, where she was virtually able to rule by defacto for many years, due to her sheer iron will and the strong maternal hold she had over her sons – even when her son Francis II died, his wife Queen Mary (Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots) fled back to Scotland rather than be dominated by her mother-in-law. Even with Queen Elizabeth being in power in England, and Catherine De Medici’s virtual rule in France there were still many who felt that female rule was unlawful. But this started a debate in the early 16th century as to whether female’s born of Royal blood and extensively educated were able to overcome the short fallings of their gender. Were Queen Elizabeth and her sister Queen Mary, as well as Mary Queen of Scots and Catherine De Medici able to break these notions and change history? To conclude as to whether women were acceptable Queens able to fully rule, the answer is clearly no. Female rule in early modern Europe was unacceptable. Men did see women as more feeble, both physically and mentally, and assumed that they were automatically superior. Women were nothing more than the child bearers, a point exemplified by marriages that were able to be absolved if no children were born (regardless of religion). It would appear that one of the factors of fearing female rule would be felt by the current King preparing to hand power to his daughter, the King (from any nation) would be aware that opinion of females was poor, and that the new ‘queen’ would need to take a husband to guide and assist her. Which then leads to the question of whom should marry the future queen? Her right to power would automatically revert to her husband – very probably a Prince or King from another nation, which would leave the current King to foresee the fall of his Kingdom to a foreign land. France kept with the extremely old salic law, that was first made policy in medieval time’s to make sure that only males of French blood from royal lines could ascend to the throne. But it would seem as was the case across Europe and England that Salic law, and English/Catholic opinion and preference on female rule only counted if it suited. If the alternative ruler was unpalatable (for instance Mary Queen of Scots) then the nobles and governments would find alternative methods to crown their ruler of choice. The debate of female rule was never about what was best for France, England or whomever, but quite plainly about those in power keeping that position for as long as possible at whatever the cost. Historic and modern literature written about Queen Elizabeth I, Catherine De Medici, Queen Mary I and Mary Queen of Scots can paint a picture of a very manipulative, autocratic and sometimes capricious class of Queen, but with the severe adversities they faced I feel that as independents they were utilizing their femininity, as well as their individual strong wills and education to keep a firm control. These famous rulers from our history did bring about change, and they forever altered the face of Royalty as well as assisting (even if only selectively) the view of women across the world. How to cite Was female rule unacceptable in early modern Europe?, Papers

Incusion Program For Cerebral Palsy Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Incusion Program For Cerebral Palsy. Answer: Case study: Lydia is a happy and joyful four years old kid. She in the youngest of the two siblings and is supposedly moving to Australia. Lydia is a gifted child who is bilingual in nature. Her family speaks two languages at home, English and French. Despite such talents, Lydia suffers from Cerebral Palsy that resulted due to some development setback. Lydias inclusion support officer, who visits her once a week, looks after her. Lydias support officer works in collaboration with educators to help develop newer strategies that can be implemented in classrooms. Lydias family prioritize about her involvement into play experiences that nurture her development in social and cognitive skills., which would in turn help her lead a normal and independent life with friends. The United Nations Convention on Rights for Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) highlights the opinion that inclusion is vital for everyone and the early years of learning framework highlights on the principle 4. the importance of resp ecting the diversity. Henceforth, it is necessary to understand and admire the diversity by overlooking the indifference. In order to install better knowledge to mitigate the situation, Training Modules run by Cerebral Palsy Training Alliance would be beneficial to understand and help Lydia and several others like her, develop their social skills. With working in cooperation with families and supporting professionals, developing an Individual Family Service Plan (IFSP) would facilitate the progress professionally. Points to be noted while devising a highly standardized inclusion plan to meet the needs of individuals like Lydia. Develop a highly safe, engaging, interactive and linguistically relevant program (Levitt, 2013). Modify and adapt the routines, displays and the room set up as per the needs. Implant learning prospects into activities and schedules. Implementation of unambiguous child directed guidelines. Points that should be taken care of by an instructor while implementing a inclusion plan to retain quality standards. Educational curriculum and practice Child Welfare Environment Personnel Arrangements Rapport with children Cooperation with families and communities (Chiarello et al., 2016) Leadership and service management Financial support In order to deliver eminent service and supportive inclusion programs, funding are important to help the program deliver better results by imparting advanced skills, resources and careers options. In case of Lydia, the funding support came through Inclusion Support Program that was incorporated on July 2016. These programs assist the children in need through customized inclusion advice, support agencies, funding support, advanced equipments. The key elements of these programs are Inclusion agencies Inclusion improvement fund Inclusion improvement fund administrator Inclusion support agencies (ISA) These agencies provide support settings along with practical support from auxiliary precedent groups. This is significant due to the worthiness that these groups help to children with disabilities along with children in need as well. KU Childrens Service is managing this program. About Cerebral Palsy Cerebral palsy is a common motor disorder that affects a persons abilities to move and maintain stability as well as posture. Individuals suffering from cerebral palsy have difficulties in expressing their thoughts and ideas due to short attention span and motor disabilities. Individuals suffering from cerebral palsy use an alternate form of communication through use of gestures, expressions and communication devices. About bilingualism Bilingualism refers to the ability of using multiple languages that helps access to different literary and cultural practices, in turn assisting the familial stability. Bilingualism does not interrupt a childs linguistic development (Hoffmann, 2014). Bilingual abilities help other individuals develop and gather knowledge about the oblivious languages and the family literacy can be implemented into institutional learning. This would in turn help in lingual diversification (Cummins Swain, 2014). References Chiarello, L. A., Palisano, R. J., Maggs, J. M., Orlin, M. N., Almasri, N., Kang, L. J., Chang, H. J. (2016). Family priorities for activity and participation of children and youth with cerebral palsy.Physical therapy,90(9), 1254-1264. Cummins, J., Swain, M. (2014).Bilingualism in education: Aspects of theory, research and practice. Routledge. Hoffmann, C. (2014).Introduction to bilingualism. Routledge. Levitt, S. (2013).Treatment of cerebral palsy and motor delay. John Wiley Sons.

Corporate Responsibility in the Fast

WindsorChair essays

WindsorChair essays In the Abernathy Room of Starr Library are a half dozen sack-back style Windsor Chairs. The sack-back name comes from the original tendency to cover the back of this chair with a sack to prevent winter breezes from penetrating through the spindles. These chairs are not originals but are reproductions of chairs originally made in America circa 1760 under the Queen Anne period of design. Under the seat of the reproduction is a label that provides no information but the name of the production company. This chair has 17 total spindles on the lower back. The two spindles nearest the hand rests have been worked on the lathe and include vase and bulb motifs. These spindles are toped or met by the first rail, which runs in a U-shape around the seat of the chair. This rail is approximately one inch thick, with the exception of the armrests that are nearer to three inches wide. The meeting of the armrest and the rest of the rail is done in a very simple rounded edge without heavy decoration. The ends of the armrests are designed with carved knuckles. The crest piece is arched and supported by nine spindles that run directly through the armrest from the seat. The spindles do not pierce the crest, but are attached in drilled holes. This piece is decorated with a shallowly carved oval running parallel along the entire arch. The seat is a horseshoe shape with a contoured surface designed for comfort. The seat piece is approximately one and a half inches thick with rounded edges. Each of the fifteen spindles is fitted into its drilled hole and glued in place. The legs of the chair are all shaped in the same pattern. They have been turned with a similar vase and bulb style as the two decorated spindles from the armrests. The spindles used in the stretchers are of a different design than the legs. These spindles are designed symmetrically with a lozenge shaped middle and two bulbs at each end. The two front legs extend at...

Petroleum Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Petroleum Engineering - Essay Example In simple terms, the task of engineers is to provide a link between ideas and physical reality (Lyons& Gary 12). Petroleum falls in the category of minerals used by people or humanity for many years. For a couple of decades ago, people used materials or minerals where they referred to them by different names such as oil from rocks, shining water, and sweat of devil. Some of the names have been in place for several years such as naphtha and petros (Lyons& Gary 17). In Greek, Petros stands for rock while in Roman it means oil or petroleum. For many years, surface springs and tar pits have been the only source of oil or petroleum. However, this argument has not been reliable because most people look for petrol beneath the earth’s surface. For instance, during 1859, Drake Edwin struck oil after drilling 69 feet (Lyons& Gary 22). On August 27, the year 1859, United States of America marked the origin of Petroleum and Oil industry (Lyons& Gary 24). Despite the fact that few people h ad participated in commercial sale of oil, Drake was instrumental in proving that production of oil could occur in large scale. Analysis of crude oil shows that the composition of crude oil takes has carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulphur. Carbon and hydrogen forms a big percentage in terms of composition of crude oil than nitrogen and oxygen. In terms of products, crude oil has the following products: hydrocarbon gas, petroleum ether, gasoline, kerosene, light gas, heavy gas and reside. All these products have different uses. For example, hydrocarbon gas finds its use as a natural gas while petroleum ether is a cleaner or solvent (Lyons& Gary 32). Petroleum occurs in rocks that are of three types, namely sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks. The classification is these rocks are according to origin as shown below. Igneous rocks originate from cooling and solidification process of magma in molten state. Magna results from the interior of the earth following eruption process. These rocks form almost 95% of the earth’s crust. They have a crystalline and hard structure with voids or pore spaces. This category of rocks consists of basalt, granite, serpentines, and andesite (Lyons& Gary 34). Sedimentary rocks forms the second classification of rocks used to produce petroleum. These rocks emanate from deposition of both inorganic and organic matter. Deposition of animal and plant fossils alongside igneous rock occurs in layers or strata. Sedimentary rocks fall further into three types, namely chemical, organic, and clastic sediments. Formation of clastic sediments is through deposition after a series of breakdown and transport. Clastic sediments mostly include breccias, sandstone, sands, gravels, siltstone, and marble. The second type of sedimentary rock is the chemical sediment that has mineral salts such as sulfate and chlorides. Lastly, the formation of organic sediments is through compaction process by wind, ice, snow, or rain (Lyons& Gary 39). Metamorphic rocks forms the last category of rocks that results from tectonic process in an environment that has elevated temperature and pressure. This environment changes the structure and composition of sedimentary and igneous rocks to form metamorphic rocks. These types include shales, marble, and quartzites (Lyons& Gary 40). Two groups of theories explain the actual occurrence

Do the question 1 write a report how to get the number and analysis Coursework

Do the question 1 write a report how to get the number and analysis it, - Coursework Example d contractual right to obtain residual payments of 12.5% of the profits on the sale for such items as phonographic recordings that were sold to the public. Ms. Lee did not receive the whole $ 9 million nevertheless she settled the case with Disney and received a milestone settlement of almost $ 2.3 million that represented a portion of her part of the returns made from the sale of the videocassette on the film Lady and the Tramp. Ms. Peggy Lee received nearly $ 3,500 for working on a film that may have earned millions of dollars. Therefore, the calculation of damages, according to Ms. Peggy Lee and her attorneys for the breach of contract that resulted in Disneys offer of a comparatively trivial amount of $ 381,000 involved the point that her interpretation of the contract with Disney was that she was eligible to 12.5% of the profits made from the sales of the movie on DVD and videocassettes. Ms. Peggy Lee had to convince the jury that the DVDs and video cassettes were not covered in her original contract with Disney for her to be entitled to far more money than the $ 381,000 that was calculated by Disney. The glitch for Ms. Peggy Lee and Disney was due to the fact that videocassette technology was not something that either party anticipated back in 1952 and the main concern in the case is whether the utilization of Ms. Peggy Lees songs and her voice on the videocassettes was not ratified in the language contained in the initial

The Himba Ideology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Himba Ideology - Essay Example As animals are consecrated to the Himba, the passing of an elder is the only momentous occasion for cattle to be slaughtered. By relocating ancestral fire to the exact place of burial, community life is physically and centered internally on the fire. The Himba consistently migrate back to sacred sites and burials, taking with them ashes of their sacred fires (Salopek). Ritualistically blessing each morning’s cattle milking at the fire through their ancestors, the Himba are spiritually reinforced and sustained each day by their cattle, ancestors, and Creator (Crandall 72). The Himba are outstanding people to look at. The women are topless and clad in mini-skirts made of goat skins decorated with shells and jewelry made of iron and copper. The men wear goatskin loin cloths. Both men and women smear their skin with a mixture of rancid butter, ash, and ochre to guard them against the harsh desert climate. The paste (Otjize) is often mixed with the aromatic resin of the Omuzumba shrub, a little like adding cologne to a suntan lotion. As well as protection from the sun, the deep red color is a highly needed look in the Himba culture. It is certainly eye-catching and very beautiful. The Himba use the same paste (Otjize) on their hair which is long and plaited into complex designs. You can tell the marital status of a Himba lady by the way she puts her hair. The men also change their hairstyle to denote their social position. A married man, for example, wears his hair in a turban. The leather used is not treated, so it a pretty smelly.

The Legacy Of The Scientific Revolution Philosophy Essay

The Legacy Of The Scientific Revolution Philosophy Essay There were so many ideas that so many talented individuals combined to create a movement that swept across the world from Europe all the way to America throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Many scientists of this time were trying to achieve their idea of having a world without a social order, a higher level of class, and no institutionalized cruelty. This era became known as The Scientific Revolution. Scientists were opening new doors and making remarkable discoveries in technology, mathematics, medicine, astronomy. It was during this time scientists were examining old and new theories from past cultures and ages. The scientists of this time went beyond simple observation. They wanted to know nature and the worlds deepest secrets and in order to do that, they had to experiment. Experiments in this time were vital to science so that they could explain why nature and the world as we know it does what it does. Not all were even right but nonetheless they were exploring ne w ideas and taking risks which in turn provided us with some of the most important laws and theories that have changed the world we live in and continue to change the world to this very day. These scientists have become famous for their discoveries and for giving mankind different ideas and knowledge that in some sense have became world changing. I am going to go into depth about the scientists of this time and how their ideas created the legacy that is known as The Scientific Revolution. Scrupulous observations and a willingness to question accepted beliefs I feel would describe Nicolaus Copernicus. He was a polish priest and an astronomer who for 25 years studied planetary movements and created his own theories on how the stars, earth, and the other planets revolved around the sun. His theory was called the heliocentric or sun-centered theory and was pretty serious for him considering it challenged the religious view at the time. Thought he was not the first who introduced this theory, he was able to work out this theory in full mathematical detail. Copernicus had integrated physics with the demands of astronomy and was the first person in history to achieve completing a complete and general solar system combining physics, mathematics, and cosmology. In doing this, he motivated other scientists to attempt to perfect and his ideas paved roads and paths to new more elaborate ideas. Copernicus had never published his findings and theories because of how it challenged t he churchs ideas on the location of earth in the heavens. It wasnt until right before his death, his apprentice convinced him to publish what was called On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres. This publication was described as a revolution making rather than a revolutionary text (Kagan, Ozmet, Turner 408). Copernicus theories and ideas set the example and started the beginning of a revolution of ideas and theories that we still carry with us today. Copernicus work inspired another scientist to continue researching new ideas. Tycho Brache and his assistant Johannes Kepler continued to further investigate and perfect Copernicus ideas. Kepler believed that certain mathematical laws promote planetary motion. One of his laws showed that the planets revolved around the sun in elliptical orbits instead of circles. Keplers laws showed that Copernicus was onto something with his ideas. Once Brache passed, Kepler continued to his work to prove that we lived in a sun-centered universe. He then made a new model that would abandon Copernicus circular components and instead he would adopt a new theory. This model was the first astronomically that actually showed motion in the direction the planets were moving. They werent circular like previous theories, his ideas made them elliptical. This scientific law that each planets orbit is an eclipse with the sun has made a huge impact on todays aerospace program around the world. Today Keplers law is used on all unmanned aircraft from the Sputnik (our first artificial satellite) to COMSAT, INTELSAT, NAVASTAR. After Keplers time came Galileo Galilei in the 1600s. He was absolutely brilliant and earned himself many nicknames like hero of modern science, father of modern science, father of modern astronomy, or father of modern mathematics. Galileos theories were based on real experimentation not philosophical ideals. One of his first experiments where with a pendulum. He noticed that when its swinging it gradually slows down. Each time it swings, it covers less area but always takes the same amount of time for each swing. He concluded that this would be a good timing mechanism for a clock or even to count peoples heartbeats. Galileo proved Aristotles theory that objects that are heavier fall faster wrong. He climbed to the top of a very tall building and dropped cannonballs of all different weights from it just to test Aristotles theory. He found that the theory was incorrect and that the balls all hit the ground at the very same time no matter what their weight was. In doing this experiment he was able to get answers faster than he would have if he had just observed random objects falling in everyday life. Galileo was most known for his improvements of the telescope and the discoveries he made when viewing the planets (1609). He saw the stars, mountains on the moon, blemishes on the sun, and even was able to see the moons orbiting around jupiter. It was then he realized that what he was seeing was way more than anyone had ever explained or seen. It was another one of Aristotles theories that the moons and stars were smooth and perfect but what Galileo seen was contradictory. He seen they were very uneven and rough. He published these observations and theories in a series of newsletters to share with the public. They were called Starry Messenger (1610) and Letters on Sunspots (1613). Galileo supported the ideas and theories of Copernicus. Even though by this time he was considered a prodigy of science the Catholic Church had a serious issue with him backing Copernicuss theories. They had warned him but he decided to silently continue his studies. Until 1632 when he publishes his book, Dialogues concerning the Two Great World Systems that it very clearly shows that he indeed supported the theories he denied. He lived on house till his death in 1642, but his books and ideas still spread throughout the world. There were still questions that 17th century scientists couldnt figure out about the planets and how they moved about like they did. Isaac Newton answered these by bringing together all of their ideas, theories, and breakthroughs and put them all into one theory of motion. Keplers ideas were about how the planets orbited around the sun, Galileo has studied the motion of pendulums, so Newtons theory was that this same single force controlled all the motions and matter on Earth and in outer space. In discovering this, another theory of Aristotles was proven wrong, but his ideas were never bad in the sense that they made other scientists think and further their studies. Which is exactly what happened here. This discovery of Newtons became known as The Law of Universal Gravitation. It meant that everything in the world was attracted to every other object. The strength of the attraction depends on how big something is or how close. This whole theory explains a lot about how the planets or bit around the sun. Newton went on to publish Principia de Mathematica. It is said that this book was the greatest works in the history of science (qtd. in Isaac Newton and the Scientific Revolution 2012). In this book he talks about his laws of motion and his theory of gravity. Newton has really helped life today with his laws of motion. He gave the world a mathematical explanation of gravity, he taught us how forces and motion all relate, and he gifted the world with laws of motion that we commonly use today. Have you ever been on an airplane? Have you ever watched a spaceship shoot off into space? All of these things happening coincide with Newtons laws of motion. His theories have become such an important staple even in our everyday lifes. I think Newtons ideas and theories are what represent the highest level of achievements of the Scientific Revolution. He is an exact example of why this time period has such a legacy and importance. These scientists all contributed amazing ideas and theories. They used each others ideas as learning foundations for their own ideas and have given the world some of the most useful scientific laws and knowledge. These men all together developed a modern approach to science using logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas. This became known as the Scientific Method. The method starts by having a question or problem that you would get by having an observation. Then the scientist would form a hypothesis (initial idea), and then they would test this in an experiment. In the final part of the process, the scientists would analyze and interpret their results to reach a final conclusion. This is when you can either say if the hypothesis is right or wrong. This method is used all around the world. From grade school science class all the way to college science courses. Along with the scientists of this time, there were also talented philosophers during this time providing ideas and challenging the times. Francis Bacon had a very strong interest in science. He thought scientists would generate knowledge that would improve peoples lives if they had a greater understanding of our world. He always pushed scientists to experiment and take in the world, gather information, and then they could draw observations and conclusions about all the information they found. This method is called empiricism. It has become something that is now used throughout the world by scientists. Renee Descartes was a philosopher who relied on mathematics and logic. He wasnt big on using experimentation. This was a new approach to things. Descartes developed analytical geometry. It linked the two and he thought it provided a new approach for scientific research. He also believed everything should be questioned until proven to be true. Descartes is known by saying I think therefore I am. Modern scientific methods have been based on the ideas of Bacon and Descartes. It is through their thoughts and ideas that we have achieved a more reasonable understanding of our world today. Thomas Hobbes was said to be the most original philosopher of the 17th century (Kagan, Ozment, and Turner 415). He had a darker view of human nature. In a nutshell he thought all men were out for themselves when it comes down to it. He saw things much differently than most people in that time. His thoughts brought him to the conclusion that human beings only exist to meet the needs of everyday life. He felt that giving yourself to an absolute government was the only way to protect yourself and your rights. John Lockes thoughts were much brighter. He was a very influential man because of his thoughts politically and philosophically in the 17th century (Kagan, Ozment, and Turner. 416). The Declaration of Independance actually used some of his ideas. He said that the kind of government the people should have must be determined by human experience and reason, not the God given authority of kings (Henderson and Yount 40). It is these ideas that proved Locke to be one of the most influencial thinkers of this time. His works really influenced political philosophies of this time too. His writing, Letter Concerning Toleration gave people a reason to have religious tolerance. He argued in his writings that human beings cannot alone evaluate the real claims of different religious standpoints in religion. He felt that if you enforce one single religion it wouldnt have the desired effect because you cannot force someone to have a true belief in something. Lastly if this was made to happen it would just mess society up more. Lockes beliefs were different than that of Hobbes. He thought humans had reason and even tolerance, though he did also agree that it was human nature to be selfish and when money was created, this was proven. It is because of the legacy the Scientific Revolution carries that other scientists continue to study, improve theories, and uncover secrets that our Earth has to offer. The scientific method has became important in many different situations. Scientists to this day continue to develop new tools and theories that originated from the scientists and philosophers of this time. We have gained the first microscope during this time, the first mercury barometer, also the first thermometer. All of which we still use. In modern times so many improvements have been achieved in medicine, the human body, and in the natural world because of the ideas during the scientific revolution.

Getting Enough Sleep Essay -- Research Sleeping Health Essays

Getting Enough Sleep Did you know that sleep is one of the most vital necessities of life? Laboratory animals die when they are deprived of sleep, and likewise, humans would too (Johnson 5). Many people don’t realize how important sleep is. The man who attempts to do 15 hours of work, in only 7 hours is only hurting himself. This man who stays up late trying to finish his work, believes that he is working hard, and therefore will be able to sleep hard for a little while. This is definitely not the case as he will feel less and less refreshed each morning and will feel more and more tired each day. What the public needs, is to be informed about good sleeping habits and sleeping disorders that go unnoticed. We should wake up to the importance of sleep and how the amount sleep not only affects themselves, but also society. In 1959, The American Cancer society surveyed more than 1 million Americans about their sleeping habits. Conclusions drawn from the study showed that people who got less than 7-8 hours of sleep on average per night, had a higher mortality rate. A six year follow-up was done to the people surveyed. The results showed that men 30 years old or older that got 4 hours of sleep a night had more than double the risk of dying than men who averaged 7-8 hours. The risk was only about 1.5 times higher for women. Similar results were found in a different study of 4,713 people. Those getting 6 hours of sleep or less had a 30% higher death rate (Pressman 29). Although we can see what happens when people don’t get enough sleep, scientists are still unable to explain the function of sleep. The amount of sleep not only affects your mortality but also your personality. Some people are by nature long sleepers, and some a... ...nts with insomnia can benefit from restructuring their bedtime habits and sleep-wake cycles. With 7-8 hours of sleep per night, there will be many less problems with sleep disorders, accidents in cars and planes, and other health concerns. Shakespeare once commented on sleep as, "the great restorer." We need to understand the function and importance of sleep and relate this to improving our health and our bodies. In order for our country to continue to be a world leader, the people of the United States should not have to deal with fatigue and should have an optimal level of alertness and performance. Works Cited Johnson, Laverne, and Paul Naitoh. The Operational Consequences of Sleep Deprivation and Sleep Deficit. San Diego: AGARD, 1974. Pressman, Mark R., and William C. Orr. Understanding Sleep. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association, 1997.

19th Century Horror Stories Essay

In this essay we will look at the Characteristics of 19th Century Horror Stories, commenting on: the structure of the story; the characterisation; the themes included in the story; the setting and the writer’s technique. I will be looking into two texts in detail: â€Å"The Monkey’s Paw† by William Wymark Jacobs; and â€Å"The Signalman† by Charles Dickens, whilst making references to â€Å"Captain Rogers† – also by William Wymark Jacobs, and â€Å"The Engineer’s Thumb† by Sherlock Holmes. During the Victorian period, the industrial revolution was in full flow, and the gothic styles of writing used in the stories of this period were extremely popular – featuring in many magazines of the time. Horror stories became almost an obsession for many people, who were drawn in by the unique styles of the writers such as Dickens, Poe, and Wilkie Collins. They were cheap, and widely available, with many of them being published in magazines. The availability of them meant that the obsession continued, as the people of that time were always able to obtain a new story. One of the stories, â€Å"The Signalman† by Dickens, is a fine example of the horror stories of that day: It begins by setting a gloomy scene, with the Signalman situated in a ‘deep cutting’, his figure ‘foreshortened and shadowed’. Using description such as this, the author can immediately let the reader understand the mood of the story – in this case, dark and depressing. This technique is also used in â€Å"Captain Rogers†, with the words ‘feeble’, ’painful’, and ‘forced’ being used in the first paragraph. The ‘deep cutting’ in which the story is set, is later described as a ‘dungeon’, and at the end of the cutting was the entrance to a black tunnel, in which there was a ‘barbarous, depressing, and forbidding air’ – setting a negative semantic field around the piece. The Signalman himself is described as a ‘dark sallow’ man, living in as ‘solitary and dismal a place’ that the narrator ever saw. Indeed, the narrator comments that it was ‘as if I had left the natural world’. Indeed, the opening to the story gives the reader a glimpse of the signalman’s loneliness, and a sense of foreboding towards the trench in which he was posted. Loneliness and foreboding are two major characteristics of 19th Century horror. Horror stories from this period often have a supernatural theme. In â€Å"The Signalman†, ghostly ‘spectres’ haunt the unfortunate rail-way worker – and shortly after they appear, a terrible accident occurs. Accumulation is a major factor in horror stories, and â€Å"The Signalman† used this to great effect. The appearances of the spectres become more frequent, making the reader wonder what is going to take place at the climax. The spectre returns, and the signalman describes to the narrator that: ‘what troubles me so dreadfully is the question: What does the spectre mean?’ This leaves the reader to ponder what may happen next in the story, even though they may have no idea. It leaves the reader feel to be scared by whatever their imagination may come up with, meaning the writer does not have to reveal the plot just yet – but can keep the reader guessing. This is a common feature in 19th Century horror, and is used in â€Å"Captain Rogers† and â€Å"The Engineer’s Thumb† The narrator also describes how he could see the ‘mental torture’ and ‘pain of mind’ of the signalman, suggesting that the events with the spectre have left his state of mind in tatters. In 19th Century horror stories, characters were often driven mad by the events unfolding in the book At the end of the book, the plot unravels, and all becomes clear. The narrator is shocked to hear of the death of the signalman, who is hit by a train. He then learns that the spectre which had been haunting the signalman was the driver, shouting at him to clear the way. The ending of the book is  short, with just a little dialogue after we learn of the death of the signalman, which is common in horror stories of this era. This style of ending is similar to that in â€Å"Captain Rogers†, in which there is a death, and a sudden ending to the story. This is also the case in â€Å"The Engineer’s Thumb†, when Holmes realises that the printing press has been destroyed, and the criminals are many miles away. Another famous tale from this period is â€Å"The Monkey’s Paw† by W.W.Jacobs. It epitomises the horror genre of this time, with suspense, mystery, death, and a super-natural theme all included in the plot. The story begins with a good use of contrast. ‘The night was cold and wet’, but inside Laburnam Villa, a ‘fire burned brightly’, as a father and son are playing a game of chess whilst an old lady sat by the fire, ‘knitting placidly’. Contrast is also used at the beginning of â€Å"Captain Rogers†, when ‘a bright fire afforded a pleasant change to the chill October air outside’. Description of the setting is included in the father’s dialogue: ‘Of all the beastly, slushy, out-of-the-way places to live in, this is the worst’. At this point, a guest knocks on the door and is invited into the house. He tells the family a tales of ‘strange scenes’ and ‘doughty deeds’, a good use of repetition, and finally arrives on the subject of a monkey’s paw, which ‘had a spell put on it by an old fakir’. Again, another reference to super-natural subjects. The Paw will grant three separate men each three wishes, but when asked about this, the visitor’s face ‘whitened’ – a method commonly used in 19th Century horror to show fear. Later, the family urge the visitor (a sergeant in the army) to let them have ownership of the paw. The sergeant is reluctant to hand it over, instead suggesting to ‘let it burn’ in the fire. This leaves the reader wondering what could be so bad about the paw, which the sergeant wants to let burn in the fire. As with â€Å"The Signalman†, â€Å"Captain Rogers†, and â€Å"The Engineer’s Thumb† , it is left to the readers’ imaginations what the plot may be surrounding the story, confirming that it is a common characteristic of 19th Century Horror. A technique also used in this particular story, was the use of words such as ‘unusual’, ‘depressing’ and ‘horrible’ to set a negative and gloomy semantic field around it, which alerts the reader to the mood of the story. Nearly every 19th Century Horror story used this method of writing, including â€Å"The Signalman† and â€Å"Captain Rogers†. These stories also use the technique of repetition to put across the meaning of a phrase or piece of dialogue more strongly. In â€Å"The Monkey’s Paw†, a character called Herbert is sitting alone by the fire, when he sees a face ‘so horrible and so simian that he gazed at it in amazement’, in the flames. The repetition of the word ‘so’ makes the adjective following it, much stronger. In â€Å"The Monkey’s Paw†, and often in other horror novels, a short relief from the tension will be given. In â€Å"The Monkey’s Paw†, directly after the scene in which Herbert has seen the ‘vivid’ faces in the fire, there is a short scene portraying events at the breakfast table the following morning. The monkey’s paw, the object of all their wonder, fear, and excitement the night before, is ‘pitched on the sideboard with a carelessness which betokened no great belief in its virtues’. The family laugh the tale of the sergeant off, making a mockery of the ‘power’ of the paw. Often, horror stories of this period will add scenes such as this to enable the use of features such as irony, which is used in abundance in this scene, for example when Mrs. White asks: ‘How could two hundred pounds hurt you?†. Immediately after, Herbert replies: ‘Might drop on his head from the sky.’ All this is ironic, as Herbert is eventually killed by some machinery at his workforce – and the family are given two hundred pounds in compensation, after Herbert used the paw to wish for ‘two hundred pounds’. The reader thinks the story has reached its climax, when the family are informed of the death of Herbert. However – there is one last twist in the plot. Some 19th Century Horror Stories added a twist, and it proved very popular. A week after the death of Herbert, his mother and father eventually, after much arguing, decide to use the paw one last time – to  bring Herbert back to life. A ‘loud knock resounded through the house’, and his mother rushes to the door to open it for Herbert. Just when the reader thinks the mutilated body is going to be let into the house, his father realises his mistake – and wishes his son away. The door is opened, but Herbert is gone. The eventual anti-climax to this twist is also used often in 19th Century Horror Stories. A twist was also included in â€Å"Captain Rogers†, where Rogers murders his friend, Gunn. To conclude, many different styles and techniques were used to create a Horror Story in this time, but they all had the same effect, which was to create a dark and negative semantic field– which makes the story more scary and thrilling for the reader. Writers such as Dickens, Poe, Collins, Jacobs, and Doyle included vivid descriptions of setting and character to aid their writing, and add to the semantic field.

How to Write a Coursework in Criminal Law †a Full and Detailed Guide for College Students

How to Write a Coursework in Criminal Law – a Full and Detailed Guide for College Students Technically, a coursework is any practical work a student has to complete as a part of the course that counts towards his/her overall grade. It can take different forms: a long essay, a field project, a lab, etc. However, in the field of criminal law, it is usually an extended essay or a short research paper, and this is what we will discuss here. The main purpose of such a coursework is to teach you how to carry out a research project on your own, with only limited guidance from your supervisor. You can ask him/her for advice concerning the topic choice and wording, methodology and other basic things, but mostly you are on your own. How to Choose a Relevant and Workable Topic for Your Criminal Law Coursework 1. Define the General Area of Your Research A coursework should be, by definition, related to the topic of the course you take. Ask your supervisor how else you are limited in the choice of topic. Are there subjects you should avoid? Are any areas obviously over- or understudied? Delineate a general area of knowledge that is worth looking into. For example, if the course covers cybercrime, you may want to focus on its particular types: cryptojacking, ransomware creation, identity theft, etc. 2. Pick a Topic You Are Comfortable With Do not take the choice of topic lightly – you will have to delve deep into it, study a lot of information on it, probably even do some field work. Do not choose a topic you are uncomfortable with or uninterested in – you will spend most of your next term researching and writing it up. 3. Choose a Topic Related to Your Previous Research If you have previously done any work related to the topic of your current course, you may leverage it. Look at your previous assignment and try to identify a problem connected to it that would be sufficient as a basis for independent research. For example, if you wrote a paper on identity theft, you may now cover effective methods of its prevention practiced in different countries. 4. Study the Existing Body of Research Find all the sources you can on the general topic you have chosen. You can: Ask your supervisor for recommendations; Consult a librarian; Apply keyword search on online academic databases and specialized search engines. NCJRS, LexisNexis and Westlaw are good specialized sources of information on legal matters, EBSCO, Google Scholar and JournalSeek are multidisciplinary resources that also can help you find something useful. By studying the existing research, you will identify the main authorities on the subject, find suggestions where to look for further sources and probably single out a gap in the knowledge you can base your own research on. 5. Narrow Your Topic Down and Word Your Title A research question should be relatively narrow so that you can study it in-depth and have enough material to write a full-size coursework. For example: The International Criminal Court in Modern World: Its Application and Efficiency; Connection of Drugs, Drug Abuse and Crime: How Legislature Affects This Connection; Psychological Undercurrents of Crime: Are Certain People More Likely to Break the Law than Others; Crime Classification in the United States and How It Compares to Other National Systems; Cybercrime: New Types of Crimes Brought about by the Technological Advances of the 21st Century. Do not try to polish the title of your coursework too much. For now, you need a working title – something that delineates your area of study and specifies the purpose of your research. However, usually you are not obliged to keep it – most professors give you an opportunity to reword your title before you submit the coursework so that it better reflects your findings and contents of your work. Preliminary Stage of Writing a Criminal Law Coursework: Working with Sources A coursework is primarily about research, and research is primarily about working with sources. You may be carrying out some fieldwork and data processing, but they will not bring you a good grade by themselves. To show that you truly engage with your topic, you should put your own findings in the context of the existing knowledge on the subject. To write a high-quality coursework you will have to spend about 60% of the time on gathering and analyzing the sources. Writing is what you do when most of the work is already done. 1. Pick Relevant Sources Only You may be tempted to put as many sources you can find in your bibliography to impress the assessor with all the reading you have done. It is a mistake, especially if you have not actually read some of these books. Choose only the sources that support your point, provide new information and/or prompt interesting questions. 2. Verify Sources before You Use Them In addition to the difference between primary and secondary sources, you have to remember that you cannot trust all sources equally, especially when they deal with as sensitive a subject as criminal law. Before you refer to a source in your coursework, consider the following: Who is the author? What are his/her credentials? Is he/she a specialist on the subject in question? Is it his/her only publication on the subject? Is he/she an authority on it? Do other authorities refer to him/her? Who published the text? Does the publishing organization has its own agenda? Is the writing objective? Is there any emotionally charged language or words/expressions with evaluative connotation? Do other publications by the author or publisher suggest they may be biased? What is the publication’s goal? Is it to inform or persuade the reader? Can you verify the information? Is the information current? 3. Use as Many Primary References as Possible Primary sources provide direct or first-hand accounts of events, persons or facts. Secondary sources analyze, interpret, discuss the information received from primary sources. Although you cannot do without them, make sure your work is more than a rehash of other secondary sources. 4. Read What You Have Found It may sound obvious, but you will be amazed how many students try to go along the line of least resistance and simply copy the quotes they find in their sources to boost their bibliography, implicating that they actually read all these books. 9 times out of 10, this trick is painfully obvious – your supervisor has seen it done many times and will immediately discover you. Of course, depending on the amount of time you have, the size of your coursework and the number of sources you have gathered, you may or may not be physically able to read all the publications immediately related to your subject. However, you should be at least generally acquainted with every book on your list and use your own quotes that support your writing, not gather easily findable quotes and cram them into your text. 5. Make Notes as You Read Don’t trust yourself to remember the interesting and valuable passages or their location. As you read your sources, make notes: specify the gist of a quotation, in relation to what you want to mention it, the book and page where it is located. 6. Quote Sparingly Some students see quoting as an easy way of boosting their word count. The problem is, your assessor also knows this. Use too many quotes, and it will relegate your own speech to connective tissue keeping together thoughts of other people. The assessor wants to see your original thinking grounded in the existing research – so try and maintain balance. There is usually no hard limit to how many sources you can use (although it is imposed sometimes), so listen to your common sense or ask your supervisor. Writing Your Coursework on Criminal Law: The Proper Structure The exact structure of your coursework may differ depending on your assignment, but typically, it takes the form of an extended essay, consisting of: Title; Introduction; Thesis statement; Body paragraphs; Conclusion. 1. Title We have already covered how to choose a working title. Here are some tips on how you can polish it before you submit the coursework: Indicate the area and scope of your research; Don’t use abbreviations; Limit it to 15-17 substantive words; Do not use constructions like â€Å"research of†, â€Å"study of† etc.; Use capitalization properly. Ask your supervisor which capitalization type you should use. 2. Thesis Statement It is the most important part of your coursework – the primary idea you want to prove, e.g., ‘Mass media can have significant positive influence on the outcome of criminal investigation’. A thesis statement should: Reflect your opinion. Do not just state the facts, tell what you think about them; Be focused. Ideally, it should have a single point you can express in one sentence. If you find it necessary to elaborate further, the thesis statement is probably too vague; Be unambiguous. There should not be any questions left about your stance. 3. Body Paragraphs You may start writing with introduction, but you will almost certainly have to revise and alter it after you finish the rest of the paper. Therefore, better put it off until you know for certain what your findings are. As for body paragraphs, the rule of the thumb is to structure them according to this formula: Topic sentence – introduce the main idea you cover in the paragraph; Explanation – provide some details about it; Supporting arguments – introduce 2-3 facts, statistics, references, etc. to support this point; Comment – specify how your arguments support your point. Consider weak points in your argument and think about potential counter-arguments. Address them; Connection – sum up the point of the paragraph, point out how it supports your thesis statement and why it is important. Lead up to the next body paragraph. You may change this structure if necessary, but first you should master it and start using it automatically. 4. Introduction and Conclusion There are no specific methods of writing an introduction. It should attract and grasp the reader’s attention, and whatever does the job is fine. You may start with: A shocking statement; A little-known fact; A relevant quote; An intriguing question; Or something else entirely. Be wary of guides that give you clear-cut instructions on how to write an introduction – the cookie cutter approach does not work with this section. The conclusion is usually a restate your thesis statement. Tell if you have achieved the goal of your research, if your findings correspond to your initial viewpoint and what requires further investigation. What You Should Do after You Finish Your Criminal Law Coursework: Revision 1. Structure Check Check if all sections of the coursework work as intended individually and in conjunction with each other. Do they flow smoothly from one to another? Does the introduction hook the reader and lead up naturally to the thesis statement? Do you limit every paragraph of the body to a single point? Do you summarize everything in the conclusion? 2. Content Check Check if all the content of your coursework is relevant. Do you contradict yourself in different parts of the text (it is possible if you write your paper in short instalments over a long period)? Do you leave gaps in your argumentation? Are there any leaps of logic? Do you treat the evidence objectively? Are you biased? 3. Style Check Use the following checklist: Avoid jargon and unnecessarily complicated terms related to criminal law. It does not make you look more serious and scientific – the skill of discussing complex subjects in simple language is valued more; Divide or cut overly long sentences, but do not try to bring all sentences to the same length. Better alternate 3-4 shorter sentences with a long one; Use active voice whenever possible and natural; Be specific, avoid vagueness; Cut everything that is not necessary: excess words, sentences and even paragraphs. 4. Grammar, Syntax and Orthography Check Finally, check your paper for grammar, syntax and spelling mistakes. Even if you firmly believe in your skills, do a double-check using an online tool like Grammarly and ask somebody with good English to read the paper for you – you may have missed some errors simply because you are too familiar with the text. Follow this guide, and you will never again have problems with your criminal law coursework!

Investigating Magnetic Pendulum Essays

Investigating Magnetic Pendulum Essays Investigating Magnetic Pendulum Paper Investigating Magnetic Pendulum Paper Every magnet has two poles, North and South. When it is hung freely, it always settles in the direction North and South of the Earth. The following experiment is about the properties of magnetic pendulum. In all experiments find the time period of oscillation, and find relation in the direction of vibration and the time period of pendulum. Hypothesis: The effect of changing the vibration direction of magnetic pendulum on time period of the 20 constant oscillations. Apparatus: 1. Color indicated lab magnets 2. Strings and threads 3. Solution Tape (Transparent) 4. Measuring Scale (1 feet) 5. Set of compasses 6. Lab stand 7. Stopwatch 8. Scissors Methodology: A For Single magnetic pendulum investigation: 1. Hang a bar magnet horizontally using the thread string, tied in balance with the lab stand. The thread should be strongly tied with the magnet stand. 2. Make sure the magnet is not rotating from its point of centre. This is done in order to allow precise timed readings, as the oscillation progresses smoothly. 3. Use two or more compasses to check the North. Keep the compasses at a 1 meter distance from the magnets to avoid unnecessary deflection 4. Vibrate it in the direction as shown in the diagrams below. 5. Repeat steps 1-2 for varying directions Note: The side view of all direction combinations is in the horizontal plane. The top view uses vertical and horizontal terms in its own respective sense i. e. the as viewed from the birds eye projection. Part 1: Constant: 20 oscillations Distance of the string i. e. from the tied knot of the stand to the magnet = 6 Variables: Time (seconds) and Direction (arrow) of magnet pendulum swings In part 1 of the investigation, the magnet will be swung across constant amplitude with the constant no. of 20 oscillations. With each changing direction, the time period for the 20 oscillations will be noted down on paper. Then, the readings will allow us to deduce if the changing direction of magnet has an effect on the time period or not. Below are the four directions, named A, B, C and D along their time period readings. As per the results of the investigation, the change in the direction of vibration of the magnet for 20 oscillations does not affect the time period of the oscillation. As we can see he comparison chart above, the values for directions A, B, C and D are almost same, with very minuscule micro second differences. The possible uncertainty here can be human error in timing the experiment and secondly, the quality of magnets i. e. minor change in size and weight. Moreover, the balance of the string attached was not at most in perfect form, hence the unnecessary rotating of the magnets from the point of tied knot must have affected the time period readings. Hence, the part 1 of the investigation comes to suggests that the change in direction of the vibration of the magnet does not affect the time period of the oscillations. Part 2: Pole Combination A Methodology: B For Dual magnetic pendulum investigation: 1. Hang a bar magnet horizontally with the help of two strings. 2. Now put another magnet just below the hanging magnet, in the same direction as the hanging magnet, with similar poles facing each others. 3. Using the thread string, tied in balance with the lab stand. The thread should be strongly tied with the magnet stand. 4. Make sure the magnet is not rotating from its point of centre. This is done in order to allow precise timed readings, as the oscillation progresses smoothly. 5. Change the distance between the two magnets, keeping the oscillations constant at 20 and then note the change in the time period. 6. Now, vibrate the magnet (for different directions) with small amplitude, first along the length then along with width. Measure the time period of vibration. Also find the rate of decrease in the amplitude of vibration. 7. Repeat 1-6 for varying direction combinations. As per the results for part 2 of the investigation, we put hanged a magnet of the same size as used in part 1 of the investigation by a tied string, making it a dynamic object. Then, we placed a stationery magnet of the same size below it. As we vibrated the dynamic magnet along its width, we slightly altered the distance between the stationery magnet and the dynamic magnet to see if had affect on the oscillations time period. Now, the interesting part of the investigation arises. As you can see from the comparison chart of the same pole combination of N-N to S-S, a slight change in distance between the two magnets, that is a (1.6 minus 1. 0 = 0. 6 cm) 0. 6 cm change brings a 2. 0+ second change. The increase in the distance between the two magnets increases the time period for the 20 oscillations. The theory behind this is simple. As the two magnets move closer to each other, they face a higher amount of N to N and S to S repulsion, so they are pushed with a greater force than they would be when they would be apart (as the case is for d=1. 6 cm). This in result decreases the time period, as the 20 oscillations are completed in a lesser time period.

Marketing Myopia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Myopia - Essay Example A growth industry builds its success by replacing a previous utility or product and it is at risk of such same risk of replacement by future innovations. Thinking outside the box is not some initiative to make a difference or of being creative. Rather, it is a crucial component of every organization’s attempt for competitive advantage and survival. Levitt argued that there is really no such thing as a growth industry because everything works within a cyclical process. Here, an industry or a business may assume its strength because of the unchallenged superiority of the product, which displaced another that it has substituted. His evidences are legitimate and numerous. He cited the experiences of many industries that were considered boom sectors but eventually declined after several years. The cycle features organizations and products constantly replacing another because of wrong management perspective. The examples provided were the dry cleaning industry, the railroad industry and the grocery stores. Levitt also predicted that the electric utilities and gadgetry is in danger of the same trouble because technologies will then be discovered to offer newer and more efficient products. The idea is that when managers fail to think outside the box – beyond the periphery of their visions, their products tend to be swallowed by the cycle. On the other hand, once management think about the future and the decline of their product so that they are able to provide solutions and new innovations that will replace their own, competitors will have less opportunities for competitive advantage. Much of Levitt’s arguments are anchored on one simple principle – that survival for industries rests on perspectives. There are industries that are focused on their products and, hence, myopic in their management models. For example, the railroad company was focused on their product, which is the railroad. Had they opted to adopt a perspective that went beyond it, they would have thought about their business as that of transportation and, hence, was able to prevent the decline of their profits. Personally, I have experienced this myopia on account of my work experiences with three industries. For example, I worked for an Auto dealership several years ago. Now the management of this organization has been focused much on automobiles. For several months of my stay, I saw how such singularity in objective has hurt the sales of the organization. Clients are not only interested in cars but they look for things and services that go with it. For example, when sales people have everything there is to know about cars, we cannot answer questions about technology like how their mobile phones can be integrated with car accessories, for example. This is because we did not have them – no products offered beyond cars and, hence, we cannot offer services, much less the know-how. So fewer clients came to visit because we cannot offer more. The clien ts did not come because they did not want to. There was no reason to. This was also the same with some companies in the moving and storage company, which I was connected with for a time. There was a lot of opportunities either as additional services within moving and storage and related and new products and services that could have been served and provided customers the value and convenience of having many services at one outlet or in a single transaction. I can see many other industries not cited in the article that display marketing myopia. For example, there is the

Determinants of Effective Tax Rate in Thailand Research Proposal - 1

Determinants of Effective Tax Rate in Thailand - Research Proposal Example Just about a year ago the price of international crude oil was about $130 per barrel, but things have come to such a pass now that the oil exporting countries headed by OPEC is worried about the falling prices. These days the prices have come down to about $30 per barrel. This implies better bargains for oil importing nations. Therefore the tax rates would’ve been higher during the period when crude oil prices were high, but there is strong possibility that the tax rates will be comparatively lower if the oil prices are low. This is just one situation explaining the manner in which the tax rates are determined. There are scores of other determinants which help in shaping the fiscal plan of a country. In addition the procedure for calculation of taxes by the government bodies and corporate sector also depends upon a number of factors. This raises our curiosity about the manner in which the tax regime functions. This research study is therefore being taken up to understand the i ntricacies regarding the determinants of effective tax rates in a developing country like Thailand. The taxes in general are of many types collected in direct or indirect manner. But, in this study an emphasis will be laid on finding out the corporate tax structure in particular. In Thailand taxes in general are divided in two broad categories namely direct tax and indirect taxes. Two key components of direct taxes are the personal income tax and corporate tax. On the other hand taxes like excise taxes, stamp duty and value added taxes (VAT) are known as indirect taxes. The modus operandi for calculating these taxes depends upon the revenue generation mechanism being set in place in the country and the level of competition within the industry. The revenue department of Thailand is entrusted with the task of taxation. Main responsibilities assigned to the revenue department are1; Led by the mortgage crisis in US, a crisis like situation is emerging in almost all parts of the world.

543 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

543 - Essay Example his is because video information is constructed, creative language and regulations, different perception of the same information by different people, fixed values and point of views and organization of video information. In the learning process, students can enhance their academic performances by use of video application. This can take place out of classrooms and even outside the institution. This is more effective way of learning process because of animations, audio, images, and streaming video used in this technology. In this application, it is easy to understand the information or the message in any given topic or subject. Video application also improves retention, when the student is concentrating on watching the video or animation and at the same time reading the message, it create cognitive overload. To prevent cognitive overload, audio should be applied in both video and animations (Clark, 2002). On the hand, when selecting and evaluating video for students in class work, several things should be considered. The video should be suitable for students view, it should be relevant to the topic, and the students should have no visual and hearing problems. It should also have easy vocabularies that are well understood by the students. The use of video has created positive impact to the learning process and improves academic standards in many institutions. Attributes of video include manipulation of time, manipulation of space and animation. Videos can be used to manipulate time by slowing the speed of the video being played (slow motion) or by increasing the video speed. Slowing the video speed or simply slow motion helps in capturing certain aspects of the video that are too fast and cannot be seen clearly by the normal eye. For example, slow motion will enable students see how a fast cheetah runs on camera. Increasing the speed of movement or simply fast forwarding the video helps in eliminating certain aspects of the video that are not necessary to the

Applications of Biochemistry Essay Example for Free

Applications of Biochemistry Essay Blood is one of the most important fluids in the human body. It helps carry nutrients such as oxygen to the cells in the body and transports out wastes like carbon dioxide and other metabolites from these cells. Since blood is the medium through which the different organs and tissues in our body communicates, keeping a close eye on the constituents of a blood sample would provide a good indication of the functioning of the human body. Blood gas tests are ordered for patients who might have symptoms of pH imbalance, extreme levels of oxygen/ carbon dioxide, or in order to evaluate the functioning of organs such as the kidneys and the presence of disorders such as diabetes. The latter tests are measured through the analysis of electrolytes and metabolites in the blood. Patients who are on a â€Å"ventilator† in a hospital may have their treatment procedures also monitored using a blood gas analysis test. In the Core Laboratory of University Hospital in London, Ontario, the Gem Premiere 3000 Blood Gas Analyzer is used in order to perform tests on patients. There are two analyzers present in this laboratory. Both machines can run tests for levels of pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, partial pressure of oxygen, Na+, K+, Ca++, and hematocrit (Hct). One of the machines however, is also capable of running glucose and lactate tests as well. One other final blood constituent that is also analyzed in this analyzer is for carboxyhemoglobin. If a sample is to be tested for carboxyhemoglobin, the sample must be injected from the syringe into the GEM cuvette. The cuvette is then inserted into another analyzer in order to test carboxyhemoglobin levels. The samples collected for blood gas analysis tests can be arterial, venous, or capillary blood. Reference Range values of measurements in the â€Å"normal range† using the Gem Premiere 3000 (UCSF Medical Center, 2011). All samples are delivered to the laboratory in syringes or capillaries from the bedside of the patient in the hospital. A sample that arrives from the Operation Room can only be stored for and has to be analyzed within 15-20 minutes. Samples that are delivered to the laboratory on ice can be stored for one hour while all other samples must be analyzed within half an hour. Unlike other samples that are analyzed in the lab, these samples are not archived after analysis. All samples must also be warmed between the hands before being analyzed in order to mix the contents thoroughly. All syringes with samples contain a coating of heparin sulfate in order to avoid the clotting of blood samples. Once the source of blood sample (arterial, venous, capillary) has been selected on the display screen of the analyzer, the sample is checked for clots. This is done by testing a drop or two onto a gauze pad. The barcode on the sample syringe is then scanned in order to read the patient ID and store the results. A message then appears on the screen of the analyzer that reads â€Å"Present sample now†. The tip of the syringe can then be inserted at an angle, into the needle that protrudes from the Analyzer. The results will then appear on the screen and be saved on the patient’s profile according to their ID that was scanned. The maintenance conducted on the Gem Premiere 3000 is very minimal. The Gem Premiere 3000 contains a cartridge that has electrodes with all the calibration measurements for the machine. The analyzer is checked daily for printer paper. Every week, quality control tests are run in order to ensure the accurate working of the Gem Premiere 3000. The two control tests administered are the ‘Critical Care QC ContrIL9’ and the ‘GEM critCheck’. The first control tests for the proper analysis of of pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, partial pressure of oxygen, Na+, K+ and Ca++, while the second control tests for hematocrit low and normal levels (UCSF Medical Center, 2011). The cartilage with electrodes for calibration measurements expires every three weeks. However, if there is a power cut or an issue with the analyzer, the cartridge must be changed immediately before any other tests are conducted. Once the cartridge has been replaced, it takes half an hour for the cartridge to warm up after the CVP control has been run and before tests can be run again. Once all the tests are run, they are saved on the patient’s profile and are available for access by all physicians and hospital staff throughout the hospital.

Analysis of Shellys Ode to the West Wind :: essays papers

Analysis of Shellys Ode to the West Wind Analysis of Shelly's "Ode to the West Wind" â€Å"Ode to the West Wind† is a poem of deep despair as well as one of vivid imagery. The first section is fairly straightforward with constant references to death, corpses and destruction that Shelly uses as a metaphor for autumn. The allusion to disease and darkness describes the West Wind in this first section. Shelly sees it as a sort of ‘grim reaper’ but seems to come back from the whole topic by also calling it the â€Å"preserver†. In the second section Shelly takes a more lofty perspective in the beginning mentioning heaven and angels and then moves to give a depiction of hell in the last line of the section with â€Å"black rain and fire and hail will burst†. To be a little more precise, the second section is one comparing an oncoming storm to the end of a year. Perhaps Shelly feels that the next year will not be as good as the last and one can even speculate that the west winds are the winds of change or even of evil. I feel that the third section really supports the theory that Shelly did portray the west wind as the bringer of evil. The wind is described to be awakened from a place of peace and beauty. The line â€Å"Thy voice, and suddenly grow grey with fear† seems to describe a sense of darkness and loathing, a chilling feeling flowing through the veins. The west wind is power. The fourth section plays on the feeling that this wind is all-powerful and Shelly seems to give the impression of bowing down before it. Impulses, uncontrollable, tame-less are all words used to describe the wind in this section. In almost a begging tone the speaker of the poem asks to be taken away from his pain as said â€Å"Oh! Lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud! / I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!†. Going back in the poem though the west wind seems to have created this and the speaker loathes it, but here shows he also still needs it. The final section seems to come to terms with the west wind. The asking for music even though the leaves are gone and there is not to celebrate shows this perspective: I will still play but it will be one of sadness.

When Harry Met Sally Essay -- essays papers

When Harry Met Sally The film I chose to view for this Romantic Comedy paper was When Harry met Sally. I enjoyed this movie. The two main characters were Harry (Billy Crystal) and Sally Allbright (Meg Ryan). When first introduced to these characters, Sally is driving to New York, and Harry, who is the boyfriend of Sally's friend, is catching a ride with her. Sally is a very structured person. To quote Harry, she is a "high maintenance" women. Harry, on the other hand, has a more laid back attitude. This causes some tension between them on the long drive to New York. This fits well into the romantic comedy genre. In a romantic comedy there is usually tension between the two charcters in the beginning. Part of this pattern is for them to soften toward one another and by the end they fall in love. On the way to New York, Harry tells Sally some things about men she doesn't know and is reluctant to believe. One thing he tells her is "men and women can't be friends because sex gets in the way." This only increases the tension between them. By the time they reach New York, Sally doesn't appear too happy with him. She seems angry with him, but anger is sometimes used to cover other feeling. This is also a classic feeling in the genre. A gap of several years passes before they see each other again. They see each other at the airport, but they both pretend not to know the other. The next time they meet is a couple of years after they saw each other at the airpo...

Questions on Computer Basics and Software

No. of Printed Pages : 4 BACHELOR IN COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (BCA Revised) Term-End Examination cV 00 June, 2012 BCS-011 BCS-011 : COMPUTER BASICS AND P C SOFTWARE Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100 Weightage : 75% Note : Question number 1 is compulsory and carries 40 marks. Attempt any three questions from the rest. (a) Convert the following hexadecimal number to equivalent binary and decimal : (i) (ii) (b) (51)16 (DA)16 5 4 1. How is the access time on a disk is defined ? Explain each of the component of access time with the help of an example. Explain the basic structure of a computer system ? With the help of a diagram .A personal computer has a component called motherboard. How is motherboard related to the basic computer structure ? (c) 6 BCS-011 1 P. T. O. List five facilities that are provided by an operating system to a user or to a program. Draw a flow chart to add integer between 2 to (n+1) where n>2. Explain the terms : Subroutine and function with the help of an example. C onsider two IP addresses 160. 10. 11. 25 160. 10. 12. 35 Do they belong to the same network , if (i) The subnet mask is 255. 255. 0. 0 (ii) The subnet mask is 255. 255. 255. 0 Justify your answer. (h) What is a Wide Area Network (WAN) ? What are the characteristics of WAN ?How are they different from LANs ? Is Internet a WAN ? Justify your answer. What is the need of memory hierarchy in a computer system ? Explain with the help of various trade offs like cost, speed, size etc. What is perverse software ? List various types of perverse software. Give four ways to counter perverse software. What are cookies in the context of Browser software ? Are cookies bad ? Explain. List four precautions for safe browsing. BCS-011 2 7 6 8 6 3. (a) Compare and contrast the characteristics of the following : (i) (ii) (b) Dot matrix printer versus Laser printer Cathode ray tube monitors versus liquid crystal display monitors. (c) â€Å"Latest word processor have text 8 manipulation functions that ex tend beyond a basic ability to enter and change text † . Explain any four of these advanced text manipulation functions. 6 Explain the characteristics of the following data transmission channels : (i) (ii) Optic fiber cables Radio waves (iii) Infrared 4. (a) List six activities that should be part of an e-learning system. Explain the phases of content development in e-learning. (b) Compare and contrast the following : (i) (ii) SRAM versus DRAM SIMM versus DIMM 6 8 (iii) ROM versus PROM (iv) CD-ROM versus Pen – drive. c) What is Open Source Software ? What are the main features of open source development model ? BCS-011 3 6 P. T. O. 5. Explain any five of the following with the help of an example/diagram, if needed. (i) (ii) The uses of WIKI in collaboration. The activities/actions performed by a search engine. 20 (iii) TCP/IP model. (iv) (v) (vi) Activities in a project management software. Batch systems and time sharing operating systems. Different types of parts in a computer. (vii) Concept of Instruction ; and motivation for development of UNICODE. BCS-011 4

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Free Term Paper Free Term Paper Free Term Paper Free term paper has many advantages as well as disadvantages. From one side, free term paper gives you a chance to read a relevant sample on your topic before you start writing your own paper. From the other side, many students copy free term paper and submit it as their own. Copying results in plagiarism and F for the course. offers the following services: 1) free term paper samples; 2) free term paper writing tips; 3) custom term paper writing service. The benefits of custom written papers are many. Firstly, custom term paper is written from scratch. Secondly, custom term paper is never posted online. Thirdly, you can ask for as many revisions as you need! Do not hesitate to order professional term paper writing service at our site! Free Term Paper Sample Nuclear power has been used in desalting plants. As a precedent for such an idea there are combination steam-electric and water-conversion plants such as that operating on the island of Aruba in the West Indies. Here the by-product heat from a power plant is used to desalt the island's drinking water. The first nuclear-powered desalination plant was built by the United States at its military base at McMurdo Sound in the Antarctic. This is a small unit, producing 14,400 gallons of fresh water daily, and not economically competitive with conventionally fueled distillation plants. However, since it is very costly to import fuel to this distant base, the nuclear desalting plant was judged to be advisable. Experts feel that to compete with coal, oil, or gas, nuclear power must produce at least 50 megawatts of power and ten million gallons of fresh water a day. Russia seems to have a lead on the United States in the field of large nuclear desalination plants. In the city of Shevchenko on the and east shore of the Caspian Sea, there is a conventional power-plant-desalination combination supplying 1 1/2 million gallons of fresh water a day. The Russians have immediate plans for another desalination plant at Shevchenko, this one to be supplied with heat from a nuclear power plant. Our country is planning for such nuclear combination plants by the middle of the next decade. In March 1964, the Office of Science and Technology reported the findings of its study of large nuclear-powered desalination plants. Suggested as feasible by 1975 were installations producing from 1000 to 1500 megawatts of power and from 500 to 800 million gallons of water per day. Fresh water would be produced at a cost of less than $0.30 per 1000 gallons. Sites suggested for these giant dual-purpose nuclear-energy plants were Southern California, Arizona, the Gulf Coast, a nd the New York City area. The firm of Atomics International has proposed a combination nuclear power plant and desalination plant for erection in California. This sodium graphite reactor would produce 400,000 kilowatts of electricity and 50 million gallons of byproduct fresh water daily at a cost of only $0.26 per 1000 gallons. On a shorter-range basis, a joint committee of the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, the Atomic Energy Commission, and the Department of the Interior began investigation of smaller plants producing between 5 and 100 million gallons of fresh water a day and from 150 to 750 megawatts of electricity. These smaller plants are foreseen as early as 1970.